The First Provisional Government was the Provisional Government that held office in 1922 from 16 January to 30 August. The Provisional Government was established under the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty as an interim administration that would govern until the establishment of the Irish Free State in December. It was appointed on 14 January but its members did not take up office until two days later. Its membership consisted solely of partisans of the pro-Treaty wing of Sinn Féin.

At the time the Provisional Government was established there was a pre-existing administration, in the form of the Fourth Ministry of the Irish Republic, but that cabinet was not recognised by the British government. The Fourth Ministry came to office on 10 January, just six days before the Provisional Government, but continued in office after the latter's establishment. Thus, until September there were two parallel administrations, with an overlapping membership. This anomalous situation came to an end when the two competing cabinets were merged into the Second Provisional Government.

Membership